Neurobiological Basis for PTSD Illness

Neurobiological Basis for PTSD

The complicated neurological cause of PTSD includes changes in brain networks that are neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and related to the neuroendocrine system. According to Pant et al. (2022), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis impacts the way individuals respond to stress. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which starts the physiological stress response, is released by the paraventricular nerves in the brain region called the hypothalamus. Adrenocorticotropin hormone is released by the pituitary gland in response to CRH, which then causes the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids. Individuals with PTSD have irregular glucocorticoid signaling as a result of their heightened vulnerability to negative feedback. Low cortisol levels and weak ACTH responses are caused by the increased CRH levels. The CRH receptors in the pituitary gland will consequently be frequently activated (Grande, 2019). Low cortisol levels at the time of exposure are predicted to start after a traumatic event leading to PTSD.

DSM-5-TR Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by the DSM-5-TR criteria as having depressed mood, appearance of recurring nightmares, recollections, memories, trouble sleeping sleep, fatigue, symptoms of dissociation, despair, and loss of enthusiasm in interactions with others (Knopf, 2022). Following a collision with his dad, Joe began to display symptoms of PTSD, including vivid nightmares, adverse effects, sleep problems, avoidance of people and places, and excessive alertness. Complex PTSD is a condition where a person experiences numerous traumatic incidents over time.

Joe’s poor behavior, separation anxiety, and depressive moods may be significantly influenced by PTSD brought on by the accident event in addition to his oppositional defiance. A PTSD diagnosis can be made based on the information in the video. According to Dr. Todd, Joe had several coexisting problems, such as vivid memories of the incident and increased tolerance for all the things that could conjure up memories of the catastrophe (Know & Grow with Dr. K, 2021). The accounts for Joe’s additional serious PTSD indications are also given. I agree about the conclusions reached regarding the other diagnoses, including the ones for conduct disorder, ADHD, and MDD, oppositional defiant disorder. This is as a result of Dr. Todd’s discussion of the reasons behind Joe’s diagnosis.

Psychotherapy for PTSD

For Joe’s PTSD, cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective. He become more confident in coping with the indicators as he avoids stressors with the assistance of CBT, a technique that will provide him particular techniques for reducing his symptoms (Hoskins et al., 2021). My treatment course is recognized the most effective for a number of different reasons. CBT is likely to be successful with a patient who is coping with many mental health issues since it focuses on altering negative thought patterns as well as discovering active coping methods.

People’s perspectives are frequently distorted and erroneous, especially when they are upset (Gift from Within, 2008). Using gold standard, evidence-based treatments is essential since it reduces the possibility of impairment and raises the effectiveness, productivity, and affordability of mental therapy. Additionally, more elevated excellence standards and responsibility including higher rates of general health and welfare are associated with the most successful, evidence-based psychotherapies. By avoiding methods with scant to no support in the scientific literature, clinicians can save both money and time.

All my sources are scholarly for several reasons. The first source written by Pant et al. (2022) is scholarly because it has tables, graphs, and diagrams that have a formal appearance. The next source by Knopf (2022) is scholarly since the paragraph of abstract or overview is placed above the body of the article. Also, the language of the article includes specialist terms and the slang of the profession. The last article by Hoskins et al. (2021) is scholarly since it was produced by authorities or experts in the field and it focuses on a particular area of study

References

Gift from Within. (Producer). (2008). PTSD and veterans: A conversation with Dr. Frank Ochberg.[Video]. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://video.alexanderstreet.com/watch/ptsd-and-veterans-a-conversation-with-dr-frank-ochberg

Grande, T. (2019, August 21). Presentation example: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkSv_zPH-M4

Hoskins, M. D., Sinnerton, R., Nakamura, A., Underwood, J. F., Slater, A., Lewis, C., … & Clarke, L. (2021). Pharmacological-assisted Psychotherapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1853379. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1853379

Knopf, A. (2022). DSM revisions: Updates for racial/gender concepts, ASD, NSSI, DMDD, and PTSD. The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 38(6), 9-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbl.30636

Know & Grow with Dr. K. (2021, July 18). Does your child suffer from post traumatic stress disorder?  [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/o98ilXH5gto

Pant, U., Frishkopf, M., Park, T., Norris, C. M., & Papathanassoglou, E. (2022). A neurobiological framework for the therapeutic potential of music and sound interventions for post-traumatic stress symptoms in critical illness survivors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 3113. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/5/3113#