How Political Influence & Technology Have Shaped Journalism

Introduction

Journalism is a profession that was established long ago and still prevalent in the current society. Over the recent past, journalism has greatly developed and still continues to advance. However, the development of Journalism has been facilitated in the setting of a prompt social process, political influence, and commercial processes and technological change (Espejo, 2014). Generally, journalistic activities have been significantly spearheaded by historical events and values attributed to the precise setting whereby the media were established while balancing the power with the political class. In this generation, an era characterized by advanced technology and globalization with neo-liberal regulation policies declined PSB models the increased role of technology and politician impact journalist practices (Espejo, 2014). Therefore, this paper will discuss how social processes, political influence, commercial processes and technological advancement contribute to the development of modern methods of journalism and news.

Commercial processes

Apparently, the increasing role of commercial market forces has changed a lot resulting in media concentration and also economic globalization. With regards to the rationalization of production processes, the flow of information at no cost, economies of scale, and free markets (Bradley, 2003). Nonetheless, market forces result in stiff competition, therefore dwindling journalist’s independence and also working conditions. Mostly, competition impacts journalists in private media. For instance, in Eastern and Central countries, market forces are the most dominant changes towards democracy and capitalism is accompanying by denial of everything in relation to state control (“4.3 Different Styles and Models of Journalism,” n.d.). Commercial processes facilitate the shaping of development of modern kinds of journalism. Current market forces in this generation are characterized by high competition, to succeed in such an environment, the journalist is forced to adjust in order to fit the market; adjustment entails the shift in the form of journalism. As a return, this shapes development of modern forms of journalism.

Technological advancement

Collecting and recording of information are very essential in journalism. Prior to the technological advancement, journalists used to collect information and data in the normative terms, mostly through note taking (Espejo, 2014). The introduction of new technologies such as smartphones, personal digital assistant and digital voice recorded have offered a compact veracity to capture, organize and transmit different types of information from images, to sound to images; either still images or motion images. This has eased the process of reporting information and facilitated efficient and factual delivery of news.

Journalists motive focus their core value on rapid-fire delivery, as such, these new shifting story forms also shift journalistic writing formats close to that of external content providers out of the newsroom. For instance, journalists who have at some point been under advisement that their entire working lives to retain their individual perspectives and project it out through writing all over sudden find themselves encouraging them to tell both (Falasca, 2014). Blogs are very vital and almost opposite when it comes to narration from the traditional objectivity of the news. 

Before, new was recorded and reported through the time-taking and costly process of transcribing documents. The introduction of press printing helped to curtail the hustles of scribbles. Introduced by William Caxton, printing press resulted in the dissemination of ideas since people were all over sudden with the capacity to read and create pamphlets on various topics (Thomas, n.d.). This has at the moment enabled the journalists to begin to print their stories or news through newspapers, journals or magazines. However, the technology that produces newspapers has also spontaneously evolved and today their page layout is established by the computer.

The Internet has played a major role in shaping modern journalism and news. However, it took journalists a long time to adjust their practices to the fact that the internet is a digital and technical medium. The internet is highly flexible in the type and format of files that needs to be addressed (Guyot, n.d.). That is either in text, sound and image format. Journalists have tried to adjust to the fact that this is also a network. The internet is an interactive medium which has enabled journalists to pass their information and reach their target audience efficiently. This has also brought about the new narrative layout for journalists to tell.

Just like news, social media has ended up being the most integral modern form of communication with each other. Actually, it is argued that social media on its own is a type of news broadcast, although being a technologically advanced platform with regards to the developing media instruments which users are capable of using. Social media is an outstanding platform that influences traditional broadcasting methods across all forms of medium.  It has therefore; enable journalists to adapt to the new methods of journalism and news presentations (Falasca, 2014). In essence, on television news, it is often that the presenter will end a presentation on a particular subject through reading out some comments accrued from Twitter that viewers posted. For newspapers, audiences are encouraged to give their feedback through a given social media about certain interesting and lucrative topics and those comments seem to be part of a story for another day (Espejo, 2014). Nonetheless, online and other news articles pose links and logos sharing stories on some social media site, and also a comment box.  Therefore to a certain level, the comments may seem to be a continuation of the news. This opportunity to make a comment can be easily viewed in the communication model.

Social processes

Social factors too have contributed in various ways the development of modern forms of journalism and news. Uncertainties of the news of today’s environment bring about new issues for the journalists (Guyot, n.d.). Within the social setting, journalists are entirely convinced of the core value of journalism and journalists though a majority of them are not confident the media industry with progressively leaking revenue is able to remain till the foreseeable future. However, there has been a growing gratitude that some ill-minded individuals may prowl in the details of the way journalists conduct their work and fulfill the social roles as long as the media go ahead evolving at a rapid speed.

In the social setting, objectivity is claimed based on trustworthiness. The society has embraced and put trust in the journalists due to the reasonable and objective news and information they offer (Guyot, n.d.). In the old-fashioned traditional media system, the audiences view only the ultimate results of the activities of journalism. Only facts and truths are presented. The capacity to maintain honesty builds trustworthy and as well enables the journalists to build a wider range of audiences. This has made the presentation of news in a transparent way. Professionally, journalists follow the procedure to present, confront, organize and interpret a messy reality (Falasca, 2014). The motive to establish a relationship with the audiences makes them have faith in journalists taking into account both the past and current integrity. Therefore, these aspects have enabled the journalists to adjust to the modern presentation forms.

The quality and credibility of news are one of the critical factors in journalism. Online platforms such as social media and websites have facilitated journalist to prove their credibility through the posting of information that is open for everyone to comment. As online journalism develops into a website operation which is embraced by almost all newspapers, interaction occurs naturally (Espejo, 2014). However, this superiority of a new platform is promoting the endorsing of the two-way communication system, raising a challenge to the traditional operation of journalism which is on the basis of one-way communication. Such modern journalism has enabled its audiences to take active participation when producing news and also facilitate personal feedback sent to main writers within the industry.

Media faces criticism for the promotion of one-way communication pattern for a portion of messages without direct inference from their audiences. This is due to having topics with weak political affiliation or rather an opportunity for the citizen to let out their discontent (Guyot, n.d.). The idea of citizen journalism which is an ideological movement which emerges in the 1990’s relies upon effort for reconnection with audiences through communication between the audiences and taking into consideration their common inclination to some topics. Currently, journalism is capable of being transformed into participatory journalism, moreover be an online community promoting involvement between the media personnel and the audiences.

Journalists have numerous responsibilities accrued to their professional profile, rules that have to be abided by, are the significant to their success in this field. Today, according to the modern journalism, writing objective truth is crucial when presenting news and is backed up by a need for the usage of primarily qualitative subjects yet respecting the audiences (“4.3 Different Styles and Models of Journalism,” n.d.). Similar to these responsibilities is the right for the journalist to be free and flexible for the collection of information and expression of ideas to the entire public in a crucial, informative and entertaining way.  With all these, journalists are enabled to engage in entertainment, critics, and information sharing instead of scholarly communicating and authoritarian public education in place of science which is preferred by scientists.

Political influence

Politics have been always influencing the media ever since. Regardless of the ethnocentric suppositions made by earlier media theories, they supposed the new political economy school as tending to be favoring the international view on media production and entailing cultural goods exchange as well as information flow (Guyot, n.d.). They redressed the media in both national level politics and economic advancement through including the mandate of the media in the international setting. They contemplated the meaning and cultural limits especially in the third world countries. They indicated that in the film industry, television programming or in the communication networks whereby the landscape was shaped through the Americans rational standards and interest.   

Politicians are the people who have a more direct impact and power via the editorial line who are the middle managers. Issues like media ownership and political aspects have an influence on the media and journalists as well (Falasca, 2014). They operate on both micro and macro levels. At macro level political aspects encompassing media ownership and regulation, here the political class; politicians through their positions, manipulate the information by funding and use of their position as official sources while daunting media regulation, legislature, and censorship.

There exist a complex relationship and sole influence from the political class. Nonetheless, because of the political power arising from the politician, the journalists are usually threatened, gagged and censored and claimed to be for the sake of national security or public good or for the sake of cultural values (Espejo, 2014). In such instances, the audiences of these media find an alternative platform like the internet to carry out a debate on a serious issue concerning the public interest. Searching for a free open space to freely express them may result in increased active participation in what is currently referred to as citizen journalism taking into consideration that mainstream media are powerful in high positions and have material ability to control cultural capital.

The political system mainly determines the political culture in place. A serious political economy for the media suggests that the media, under a substantial democratic prearrangement have a certain level of autonomy and the freedom for reporting as well as criticizing the government though still determining some authoritarian tendencies prevailing through censorship (Guyot, n.d.). Political aspects entail the governmental official’s powers for manipulation and exercising control on journalists by censorship and regulation of the media in a certain event so as to protect the public interest or national security and also times selfish political interests. The journalists need to make politician liable for their actions.

Conclusion

To sum up, it is vivid journalism is influenced by social processes, political influence, commercial processes and technological advancement contributing to the development of modern methods of journalism and news. These aspects are the facilitators which have enabled journalists to take up and adapt to the modern forms of journalism and news. All these aspects have to be taken into consideration by journalists in their day to day activities in order to ensure effective work is achieved. Therefore, journalism as a profession is very significant and has to be safeguarded as it plays several important and critical roles in our society.

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